The Langhe-Roero and Monferrato railway is the result of two distinct railway connections: the Asti-Castagnole delle Lanze line and the Alba-Castagnole delle Lanze-Nizza Monferrato line. The former is part of the Castagnole delle Lanze-Asti-Mortara connection, which was included in the plan for the extension of railways in 1865. The entire line was inaugurated in July 1870. Affected by significant landslides, it suffered long interruptions during the 1970s. Following severe flooding, the line was repeatedly interrupted from the 1990s onwards. In 2010, service between Asti and Mortara was suspended, and the entire line was closed in 2012. The Alba-Castagnole delle Lanze-Nizza Monferrato section, on the other hand, is part of the Alessandria-Cavallermaggiore line, which connects the Alessandria-Acqui line to Cantalupo. The inauguration of the first section, Cantalupo-Nizza Monferrato, took place in 1864, with the activation of the entire line the following year. The section between Castagnole delle Lanze and Alba was replaced by buses in 2010 due to problems with the Ghersi tunnel, followed in 2012 by the closure of the Cantalupo-Castagnole section as well. After recovery work carried out by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (Italian Railway Network), the Fondazione FS Italiane (Italian State Railways Foundation) reopened the Asti-Castagnole delle Lanze-Nizza Monferrato line in November 2018, and the Alba-Castagnole section in 2021. Together, these lines now constitute the "Langhe-Roero and Monferrato Railway."